Exploring the ADA – Accommodation

What is a “reasonable accommodation” and what else are those called in the educational setting?

For us as educators, ‘reasonable accommodations’ means we’ll need to change the way things are usually done. Changes may be made to the environment, the tasks, providing assistive aids, technology, or services.

What might make an accommodation unreasonable?

Unreasonable accommodation is an interesting topic. If I understood it correctly, in Mark Weber’s “Unreasonable Accommodation and Due Hardship” paper, he posits that there is no accommodation that would be unreasonable and no hardship that is undue. He says this duty to accommodate is not subject to a cost-benefits, balance, but a cost-resource balance.  He acknowledges that accommodation may be expensive to satisfy.

Alex Long, in “Is There an Unreasonable Accommodation? Is There a Due Hardship?” discusses other court cases arguing about this topic. Employers definitely need to stay as well informed as possible.

Stephen Sonnenberg brought up some interesting scenarios in his article, “Unreasonable Accomodation” at Workforce.com. Employers don’t want to  ‘play favorites’ with preferential treatment. Instead, “antidiscrimination laws should guarantee disabled individuals an opportunity to compete equally, with or without accommodation. His scenarios are worth reviewing for additional discussion. Sonneberg advocates special consideration, but not preferential treatment.

Jeff Polsky shares ADA accommodations in his slideshare show below. Here is the text from slides 8 and 9 of his slideshow:

Slide 8: Reasonable accommodation/Undue Hardship
“Reasonable accommodation” may include• (A) making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible; and • (B) job restructuring, part–time/ modified work schedules; reassignment to a vacant position; acquiring or modifying equipment; modifying exams, training materials or policies; qualified readers or interpreters; and other similar accommodations

Slide 9: Reasonable accommodation/Undue Hardship
“Undue hardship” means an action requiring significant difficulty or expense, when considered in light of: • the nature and cost of the accommodation; • the facility and the employer’s financial resources and number of employees; and • the effect on operations.

The topic is one that is up for interpretation, perhaps on a case by case basis.

MORE ON THIS TOPIC:

The ADA, IDEA, and me

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Exploring the ADA – ADA, IDEA, and me

What is IDEA and who does it protect? How does it differ from the ADA?

IDEA is an education act that gives federal monies to state and local education toward special education and such services for children with disabilities. IDEA protects children ages 3-21 who are deemed eligible for disability services, special education, and related services. Usually these services are referred to as special education and the student will have an IEP, or individualized education program. IDEA provides special education for 13 specific disabilities.  ADA’s 504 plan provides services for children with any disability, including learning or attention issues. ADA prohibits discrimination in the workplace, public services, and accommodations for those with disabilities. ADA protects any individual with a disability that limits life activities.

Understood.org shares an infographic to help outline the differences:

Graphic of At a Glance: Which Laws Do What

How do ADA, IDEA and other legislation in the readings and your exploration so far apply to you in your working (or future working) life (where might or do you find yourself needing to take ADA, IDEA, etc. into account?)

As a college faculty member, these legislations apply in my interactions with students. Sometimes I have students who have worked with UAF’s disability services and present documentation of their needs. Other times I have referred students to our disability services or have moved them to a seat where they could see or hear better and have shown them tools on their computer to make things larger.  When my student interaction is in an academic advising capacity, I make sure students are aware of available campus resources, such as the assistive technology lab.

As a parent, the IDEA legislation is particularly pertinent: my child may have special needs identified that would indicate the need for special education and an IEP.

IEP Roadmap created by the National Center for Learning Disabilities and hosted by elearninggraphics.com:

The Individualized Education roadmap infographic

In either role, I appreciate sites like theinclusiveclass.com with links such as “The 10 Best Websites for the Inclusive Classroom.”

 

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Who to Follow: Richard Byrne

Twitter: @rmbyrne

Richard ByrneI think I first learned about Richard Byrne long ago at an iteach workshop. I subscribe to his blog at http://www.freetech4teachers.com/and found he always has pertinent, helpful ideas for teachers.

He is a Google certified teacher, and has created additional web sites, ipadapps4school, and practicaledtech.com. Practicaledtech.com provides a variety of professional development webinars for teachers.

Who to Follow: Eric Sheninger

sheningerEric Sheninger  and his work can be found at

Website: ericsheninger.com

Twitter @E_Sheninger

Diigo: esheninger
I stumbled onto some posts of Eric’s several years ago and have found him to be a frequent poster of topics of interest to educators. When I began following him, he was a highly regarded prinicipal of New Milford High School, New Jersey. I have found his tweets to connect me with helpful and interesting links. He was in included in Time magazine’s list of “The 140 Best Twitter Feeds of 2014.”

 

Sheninger’s most recent book is Digital Leadership: Changing Paradigms for Changing Times. His website includes links to his various social networks, blogs, awards.

You can watch his TED talk to get an idea of his philosophy. His digital citizenship pinterest board is one of note for our class.

 

Think about my thinking – digital literacy wiki

The assignment to write rich reflections on Doug Belshaw’s book, The Essentials Elements of Digital Literacies and post them in the book’s wiki was a new challenge. I wrote my reflection of each chapter as I read it. Some may have read the entire book and then gone back and reflected. I felt that writing as I read allowed me to be most honest about that particular moment.

Getting the text into the wiki was an additional challenge. I used Word to type my notes and then wordpress blog post draft mode to write the reflection. I copied and pasted my draft post into the wiki and then used the cheatsheet provided by Chris to format. With some help from a classmate I managed to post some pictures in the wiki, but only the blog post included the linked video. I regret that I cannot locate the tweet or email to credit and thank my classmate and my memory is faulty (perhaps Hailey??).

I think Chris gave us this assignment not only so we could benefit from reading the book, but to expand our own digital literacy and get us thinking about the use of wikis in reflective writing. Getting to participate in the Google Hangout with Doug Belshaw was fantastic.

Think about my thinking – Blog bling

I liked that this assignment was a change of pace from reading and critiquing. I enjoy trying to puzzle things out  even when I’m a bit scared that I’ll just blow up my whole wordpress site. The plugins and widgets were and still are the most challenging part for me. It is always something I can come back to play with more when I want a break from deep thinking on my other assignments.

I am liking wordpress and am thinking ahead of how to either merge previous work into this site or to use it for launching future explorations.

I think Chris assigned it for various reasons: to give us a variety of assignment types, to widen our skills, to challenge us to be brave, and to experience what we may ask of our own students.

My only advice to a future student is to have fun with it and don’t be shy about asking others what they used to cause specific bling in their blogs.

Think About My Thinking – DigCit

Strangely, the digital citizenship assignment gave me the most difficulty. I say ‘strangely’ because I had explored this topic somewhat in collection 1. Perhaps that’s why I didn’t know exactly where to take it from there. Instead of building upon what I had done, I tried to recreate everything. I did not allow myself to look at how my classmates handled the assignment until it was long overdue and I was stumped with sort of a writing block on it. Meanwhile I became engrossed in the required readings for the collection and felt like I’d gotten ahead of the topic and was tripping over my feet.

Writing is a laborious process for me. I had been told in the past not to worry so much about good writing, just to write and write all I can because eventually the good writing would come out. I wonder if that will happen by the end of this course (the good writing, I mean). I won’t hold my breath.

I think Chris required the digital citizenship assignment because we needed to try to figure out some direction for ourselves in this class. As far as advice for a future student, I really don’t have any for them. If I could figure out how to unblock that writing, I’d share it. I’ve lost count of my edits on it and have left it sit for 10 days now so don’t even know where I’ve left off. It’s my last item for collection 2 and my goal was to complete it over a week ago. Since it’s almost tomorrow, tomorrow will be my new goal for completion. Wish me success.

Make and Share: Screencast

Because I got stuck on one simple step when blinging my blog, I decided to create a brief video showing what to do. I used Jing to create the video and then uploaded it to screencast. I struggled to get the microphone sound level correct.  I am not impressed that I have only a link and cannot embed it in my page here.

Blinging my blog created using Jing–just a link!

I had already created the video four times but didn’t like just having a link, so downloaded screencastomatic to my computer and recreated the video once again, so that I could post it on youtube as well as post the video here:

No Digital Facelifts – Rich Reflection

Rich Reflection  on Gardner Campbell’s youtube video, No Digital Facelifts: Thinking the Unthinkable About Open Educational Experiences

This video continued Campbell’s thoughts on creating personal cyberinfrastructure. I found it quite inspirational.

Digital facelift is a term coined by Clay Shirky in his blogpost Newspapers and Thinking the Unthinkable. Basically it means that when teaching, we’ll just do what we did before in the classroom, but we’ll put it on the web. Campbell used photo clips from the movie, Brazil to make his point that the one receiving the facelift can be convinced at what a wonderful thing it is, although it is ridiculous and not beneficial at all! I highly recommend seeing the movie Brazil, if you haven’t already. it was introduced to me a few years ago by a friend who felt he was living the life of the main character. The point is that just because the groupthink is pushing to do things a certain way, does not mean it is the best way or that it even makes sense.

Campbell also used the example of LittleBigPlanet, a Sony Playstation2 game, that includes authoring tools to the extent that users are allowed to become ‘producerly.’ The digital literacy components included along with how engaged the user becomes are just what we’d like to include in education.

Brazil movieInstead of a digital facelift, Campbell detailed three recursive practices to include in our courses, and posited that they create confidence, rather than suspicion:

  • Narrating (such as blogging)
  • Curating – how you take care of your stuff and arrange it for others to see and for yourself. Students may believe they have nothing or will have nothing to curate, but he’d “like students to think that they begin their life’s work when they come to school.”
  • Sharing – put your work out there; you may find the unmet friend. According to John Mott, “Meaning happens when the two people connect.” 

In regard to the three recursive practices, Campbell says, “Much of the way education is set up militates against each of these, let alone all of them together. And yet we all know that one of the great things about the technologies we use, these information and communication technologies, is that they not only allow these things, they amplify them. They augment them. They turn them up to 11. They make that feedback happen.”

Campbell presented that every student should be an administrator of their digital life–a system administrator. The openness of work has three levels:

  • Open to the world–everyone can see it.
  • Open to each other
    • Teacher open to learner, learners open to each other
    • To know as we are know requires identity markers, a non-trivial factor
  • Open to ourselves
    • Self-awareness, metacognition

Campbell discussed that the invention of the printing press disrupted the world, but that personal cyberinfrastructure is a greater change, more akin to the advent of the alphabet.

Campbell showed a graphic of the Blackboard disucssion board interface and then compared it with the phpbb install from Cpanel, in which the user can have their own avatar, username, signature file–a personal identity. I thought he meant this was a php install to the Blackboard discussion control panel, but found that it is an install to your own web site. I found some  plugins for WordPress as well. bbPress looks like a promising alternative for creating a forum.

Elearning support staff created a business math blog for Tim Stickel and I to use for our classes. When I examined it, it does not appear to use a plugin for the forum. Instead, a page was made for each topic, and students reply to that. Surprisingly, the current site looks very different than when we used it. As I recall, we needed help in the past when it would periodically rearrange itself (wordpress updates?) Because our blog is part of the UAF eLearning community, I’m not sure how to set that up myself at their location, but could easily work with eLearning support to do so. I wonder about the pros and cons of using the uaf community.

Campbell discussed the resistance of educators to change their teaching approach and the time to learn how to do it. He described that he was offering a bag of gold–who would not want to take that? I found his points very persuasive. It is obvious that so much of Campbell’s vision is incorporated into our own ED F654 class.

Campbell also spoke of the importance of getting the entire faculty in agreement to create their own personal cyberinfrastructure and then to teach the process to students and incorporate it as a part of every course. This makes perfect sense to me. With our class I am learning how to create personal cyberinfrastructure. Although I am just one teacher, I feel the need to begin somewhere, even if it’s just a module in a course. I don’t feel like I know enough exactly how to do this, but our class is a step in the right direction. He convinced me.

After completing this reflection, I created this meme.